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Trenching and Excavation:
Unsafe access and egress 
BACK

Am I In Danger?
To avoid fall injuries during normal entry and exit of a trench or excavation at your job site, ladders, stairways, or ramps are required. In some circumstances, when conditions in a trench or excavation become hazardous, survival may even depend on how quickly you can climb out. 

How Do I Avoid Hazards?

bulletProvide stairways, ladders, ramps, or other safe means of egress in all trenches that are 4 feet deep or more.
bulletPosition means of egress within 25 lateral feet of workers.
bulletStructural ramps that are used solely for access or egress from excavations must be designed by a competent person.
bulletWhen two or more components form a ramp or runway, they must be connected to prevent displacement, and be of uniform thickness.
bullet

Cleats or other means of connecting runway components must be attached in a way that would not cause tripping (e.g., to the bottom of the structure).

Fatal Example
Construction Worker Dies

Unsafe Access/Egress
These workers are not protected from a cave-in, nor do they have any apparent safe access or egress from the trench..

Ladder With Out Protection - Unsafe Egress

Deaths Due to Unsafe Access/Egress   

Case Reports

The following Case Reports of trenching accidents investigated by OSHA illustrate how seemingly innocent workplace activities can have deadly consequences.

bulletTwo employees were laying pipe in a trench 12-feet deep, when one of the employees saw the bottom face of the trench move.  He jumped out of the way along the length of the trench; the other employee was fatally injured as the wall caved-in.  The walls of the trench were not sloped, and no means of emergency egress were provided.
bulletIn a 15-foot deep trench, which was not shored or sloped properly, two workers were laying sewer pipe.  The only means of egress was by climbing the backfill.  While exiting the trench, one of the workers was trapped by a small cave-in.  The second employee tried to extricate him, but a second cave-in occurred, trapping the second employee at the waist.  The second cave-in actually caused the death of the first employee; the second employee sustained a hip injury.
August 19, 2005 Copyright © 2001 ICM EBiz Division.  ebiz@icmmail.com  We Specialize in building Construction Oriented Web Sites